Japanese verb · u-verb · first needed at beginner level (A1)
作る
tsukuru
to make
A u-verb ending in る: (tsukurimasu), (tsukutte). Used for making food, things and plans.
Present
現在形
Now, habits and the future. The plain form is for friends and family; polite ～ます is the default.
| plain | 作るtsukuru | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 作りますtsukurimasu | |
| plain negative | 作らないtsukuranai | |
| polite negative | 作りませんtsukurimasen |
Past
過去形
What happened, or what has happened. The plain form is for friends and family; polite ～ました is the default.
| plain | 作ったtsukutta | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 作りましたtsukurimashita | |
| plain negative | 作らなかったtsukuranakatta | |
| polite negative | 作りませんでしたtsukurimasen deshita |
Te-form
て形
Joins actions (“and then”) and builds ～ています (doing now), ～てください (please do) and ～てもいいですか (may I).
| te-form | 作ってtsukutte | |
|---|---|---|
| -te imasu (doing now) | 作っていますtsukutte imasu | |
| -te kudasai (please do) | 作ってくださいtsukutte kudasai | |
| -te mo ii desu ka (may I) | 作ってもいいですかtsukutte mo ii desu ka |
Volitional
意向形
Let's: the plain form between friends, ～ましょう in polite speech. ～ましょうか suggests (shall we?) or offers help (shall I?).
| plain (let's) | 作ろうtsukurō | |
|---|---|---|
| polite (let's) | 作りましょうtsukurimashō | |
| polite (shall we?) | 作りましょうかtsukurimashō ka |
Potential
可能形
Can make. The object usually takes (ga) instead of (o). (karē ga tsukuremasu).
| plain | 作れるtsukureru | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 作れますtsukuremasu | |
| plain negative | 作れないtsukurenai | |
| polite negative | 作れませんtsukuremasen |
Passive
受身形
Being made: (osake wa kome kara tsukurareru), sake is made from rice.
| plain | 作られるtsukurareru | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 作られますtsukuraremasu | |
| plain negative | 作られないtsukurarenai | |
| polite negative | 作られませんtsukuraremasen |
Causative
使役形
Making or letting someone make it. (tsukurasete kudasai) means “please let me make it”.
| plain | 作らせるtsukuraseru | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 作らせますtsukurasemasu | |
| plain negative | 作らせないtsukurasenai | |
| polite negative | 作らせませんtsukurasemasen |
Conditional
条件形
If: ～ば for general conditions, ～たら for “if” and “when, once”, ～なければ for “if not”.
| -ba | 作ればtsukureba | |
|---|---|---|
| -tara | 作ったらtsukuttara | |
| -nakereba (if not) | 作らなければtsukuranakereba |
Examples
- 母は毎日お弁当を作ります。Haha wa mainichi obentō o tsukurimasu.My mother makes a packed lunch every day.
- このケーキは私が作りました。Kono kēki wa watashi ga tsukurimashita.I made this cake.
- 一緒に晩ご飯を作ろう。Issho ni bangohan o tsukurō.Let's make dinner together.