Japanese verb · ru-verb · first needed at beginner level (A1)
起きる
okiru
to get up
A ru-verb: (okimasu), (okinai), (okite). It means “to get up” and “to wake up”, and also “to happen”: (jiko ga okiru). To wake someone else up is (okosu).
Present
現在形
Now, habits and the future. The plain form is for friends and family; polite ～ます is the default.
| plain | 起きるokiru | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 起きますokimasu | |
| plain negative | 起きないokinai | |
| polite negative | 起きませんokimasen |
Past
過去形
What happened, or what has happened. The plain form is for friends and family; polite ～ました is the default.
| plain | 起きたokita | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 起きましたokimashita | |
| plain negative | 起きなかったokinakatta | |
| polite negative | 起きませんでしたokimasen deshita |
Te-form
て形
Joins actions and builds requests and permission. (okite imasu) means “is awake, is up”.
| te-form | 起きてokite | |
|---|---|---|
| -te imasu (doing now) | 起きていますokite imasu | |
| -te kudasai (please do) | 起きてくださいokite kudasai | |
| -te mo ii desu ka (may I) | 起きてもいいですかokite mo ii desu ka |
Volitional
意向形
Let's: the plain form between friends, ～ましょう in polite speech. ～ましょうか suggests (shall we?) or offers help (shall I?).
| plain (let's) | 起きようokiyō | |
|---|---|---|
| polite (let's) | 起きましょうokimashō | |
| polite (shall we?) | 起きましょうかokimashō ka |
Potential
可能形
Can get up: (okirareru). Casual speech often drops the ら: (okireru).
| plain | 起きられるokirareru | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 起きられますokiraremasu | |
| plain negative | 起きられないokirarenai | |
| polite negative | 起きられませんokiraremasen |
Conditional
条件形
If: ～ば for general conditions, ～たら for “if” and “when, once”, ～なければ for “if not”.
| -ba | 起きればokireba | |
|---|---|---|
| -tara | 起きたらokitara | |
| -nakereba (if not) | 起きなければokinakereba |
Examples
- 毎朝六時に起きます。Maiasa rokuji ni okimasu.I get up at six every morning.
- 今朝は遅く起きました。Kesa wa osoku okimashita.I got up late this morning.
- 明日は早く起きなければなりません。Ashita wa hayaku okinakereba narimasen.I have to get up early tomorrow.