Japanese verb · ru-verb · first needed at elementary level (A2)
出る
deru
to leave, to go out
The place you leave takes (o): (ie o deru), to leave home. It also means to attend or appear: (kaigi ni deru), (terebi ni deru).
Present
現在形
Now, habits and the future. The plain form is for friends and family; polite ～ます is the default.
| plain | 出るderu | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 出ますdemasu | |
| plain negative | 出ないdenai | |
| polite negative | 出ませんdemasen |
Past
過去形
What happened, or what has happened. The plain form is for friends and family; polite ～ました is the default.
| plain | 出たdeta | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 出ましたdemashita | |
| plain negative | 出なかったdenakatta | |
| polite negative | 出ませんでしたdemasen deshita |
Te-form
て形
Joins actions and builds requests. (dete imasu) means “is out” or “appears”: (terebi ni dete iru), is on TV.
| te-form | 出てdete | |
|---|---|---|
| -te imasu (doing now) | 出ていますdete imasu | |
| -te kudasai (please do) | 出てくださいdete kudasai | |
| -te mo ii desu ka (may I) | 出てもいいですかdete mo ii desu ka |
Volitional
意向形
Let's: the plain form between friends, ～ましょう in polite speech. ～ましょうか suggests (shall we?) or offers help (shall I?).
| plain (let's) | 出ようdeyō | |
|---|---|---|
| polite (let's) | 出ましょうdemashō | |
| polite (shall we?) | 出ましょうかdemashō ka |
Potential
可能形
Can go out or attend: (denwa ni derarenai), can't answer the phone.
| plain | 出られるderareru | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 出られますderaremasu | |
| plain negative | 出られないderarenai | |
| polite negative | 出られませんderaremasen |
Causative
使役形
Making or letting someone go out or take part: (kodomo o shiai ni desaseru), to let a child play in the match.
| plain | 出させるdesaseru | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 出させますdesasemasu | |
| plain negative | 出させないdesasenai | |
| polite negative | 出させませんdesasemasen |
Conditional
条件形
If: ～ば for general conditions, ～たら for “if” and “when, once”, ～なければ for “if not”.
| -ba | 出ればdereba | |
|---|---|---|
| -tara | 出たらdetara | |
| -nakereba (if not) | 出なければdenakereba |
Examples
- 毎朝八時に家を出ます。Maiasa hachiji ni ie o demasu.I leave home at eight every morning.
- すみません、電話に出られませんでした。Sumimasen, denwa ni deraremasen deshita.Sorry, I couldn't answer the phone.
- 明日の会議に出てください。Ashita no kaigi ni dete kudasai.Please attend tomorrow's meeting.