Japanese verb · u-verb · first needed at elementary level (A2)
入る
hairu
to enter, to get into (a bath)
A u-verb, although it ends in -iru. The place you go into takes (ni): (heya ni hairu), (ofuro ni hairu), to take a bath. “To let someone in” and “to put in” is the separate verb (ireru).
Present
現在形
Now, habits and the future. The plain form is for friends and family; polite ～ます is the default.
| plain | 入るhairu | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 入りますhairimasu | |
| plain negative | 入らないhairanai | |
| polite negative | 入りませんhairimasen |
Past
過去形
What happened, or what has happened. The plain form is for friends and family; polite ～ました is the default.
| plain | 入ったhaitta | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 入りましたhairimashita | |
| plain negative | 入らなかったhairanakatta | |
| polite negative | 入りませんでしたhairimasen deshita |
Te-form
て形
Joins actions and builds requests. (haitte imasu) means “is inside, contains”: (hako ni haitte iru), it's in the box.
| te-form | 入ってhaitte | |
|---|---|---|
| -te imasu (doing now) | 入っていますhaitte imasu | |
| -te kudasai (please do) | 入ってくださいhaitte kudasai | |
| -te mo ii desu ka (may I) | 入ってもいいですかhaitte mo ii desu ka |
Volitional
意向形
Let's: the plain form between friends, ～ましょう in polite speech. ～ましょうか suggests (shall we?) or offers help (shall I?).
| plain (let's) | 入ろうhairō | |
|---|---|---|
| polite (let's) | 入りましょうhairimashō | |
| polite (shall we?) | 入りましょうかhairimashō ka |
Potential
可能形
Can go in: (hairemasu ka), can I go in? It looks like (ireru, to put in); the context tells them apart.
| plain | 入れるhaireru | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 入れますhairemasu | |
| plain negative | 入れないhairenai | |
| polite negative | 入れませんhairemasen |
Passive
受身形
Mostly the “suffering” passive, for something unwelcome: (dorobō ni hairareta), a burglar broke in.
| plain | 入られるhairareru | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 入られますhairaremasu | |
| plain negative | 入られないhairarenai | |
| polite negative | 入られませんhairaremasen |
Conditional
条件形
If: ～ば for general conditions, ～たら for “if” and “when, once”, ～なければ for “if not”.
| -ba | 入ればhaireba | |
|---|---|---|
| -tara | 入ったらhaittara | |
| -nakereba (if not) | 入らなければhairanakereba |
Examples
- 毎晩お風呂に入ります。Maiban ofuro ni hairimasu.I take a bath every evening.
- 入ってもいいですか。Haitte mo ii desu ka.May I come in?
- 留守の間に泥棒に入られました。Rusu no aida ni dorobō ni hairaremashita.A burglar broke in while we were away.