Japanese verb · u-verb · first needed at intermediate level (B1)
走る
hashiru
to run
A u-verb, although it ends in -iru: (hashirimasu), (hashitte). It is also used for vehicles and roads: (densha ga hashitte iru), the trains are running.
Present
現在形
Now, habits and the future. The plain form is for friends and family; polite ～ます is the default.
| plain | 走るhashiru | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 走りますhashirimasu | |
| plain negative | 走らないhashiranai | |
| polite negative | 走りませんhashirimasen |
Past
過去形
What happened, or what has happened. The plain form is for friends and family; polite ～ました is the default.
| plain | 走ったhashitta | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 走りましたhashirimashita | |
| plain negative | 走らなかったhashiranakatta | |
| polite negative | 走りませんでしたhashirimasen deshita |
Te-form
て形
Joins actions (“and then”) and builds ～ています (doing now), ～てください (please do) and ～てもいいですか (may I).
| te-form | 走ってhashitte | |
|---|---|---|
| -te imasu (doing now) | 走っていますhashitte imasu | |
| -te kudasai (please do) | 走ってくださいhashitte kudasai | |
| -te mo ii desu ka (may I) | 走ってもいいですかhashitte mo ii desu ka |
Volitional
意向形
Let's: the plain form between friends, ～ましょう in polite speech. ～ましょうか suggests (shall we?) or offers help (shall I?).
| plain (let's) | 走ろうhashirō | |
|---|---|---|
| polite (let's) | 走りましょうhashirimashō | |
| polite (shall we?) | 走りましょうかhashirimashō ka |
Potential
可能形
Can run: (jukkiro hashireru), can run ten kilometres.
| plain | 走れるhashireru | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 走れますhashiremasu | |
| plain negative | 走れないhashirenai | |
| polite negative | 走れませんhashiremasen |
Causative
使役形
Making or letting someone run; also “to drive” a vehicle: (kuruma o hashiraseru).
| plain | 走らせるhashiraseru | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | 走らせますhashirasemasu | |
| plain negative | 走らせないhashirasenai | |
| polite negative | 走らせませんhashirasemasen |
Conditional
条件形
If: ～ば for general conditions, ～たら for “if” and “when, once”, ～なければ for “if not”.
| -ba | 走ればhashireba | |
|---|---|---|
| -tara | 走ったらhashittara | |
| -nakereba (if not) | 走らなければhashiranakereba |
Examples
- 毎朝公園を走っています。Maiasa kōen o hashitte imasu.I run in the park every morning.
- 駅まで走りましょう。Eki made hashirimashō.Let's run to the station.
- ここでは走らないでください。Koko de wa hashiranaide kudasai.Please do not run here.