Japanese verb · ru-verb · first needed at intermediate level (B1)
あげる
ageru
to give
Giving from me (or my side) to someone else, or between others: (tomodachi ni hon o ageru). Never for giving to me, which is (kureru). To superiors: (sashiageru).
Present
現在形
Giving: the giver is the subject, the receiver takes (ni). The plain form is for friends and family; polite ～ます is the default.
| plain | あげるageru | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | あげますagemasu | |
| plain negative | あげないagenai | |
| polite negative | あげませんagemasen |
Past
過去形
What happened, or what has happened. The plain form is for friends and family; polite ～ました is the default.
| plain | あげたageta | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | あげましたagemashita | |
| plain negative | あげなかったagenakatta | |
| polite negative | あげませんでしたagemasen deshita |
Te-form
て形
Joins actions and builds requests: (neko ni esa o agete kudasai), please feed the cat. After another te-form, ～てあげる means doing a favour for someone.
| te-form | あげてagete | |
|---|---|---|
| -te imasu (doing now) | あげていますagete imasu | |
| -te kudasai (please do) | あげてくださいagete kudasai | |
| -te mo ii desu ka (may I) | あげてもいいですかagete mo ii desu ka |
Volitional
意向形
I'll give, let's give: (tanjōbi ni hana o ageyō), let's give her flowers for her birthday.
| plain (let's) | あげようageyō | |
|---|---|---|
| polite (let's) | あげましょうagemashō | |
| polite (shall we?) | あげましょうかagemashō ka |
Potential
可能形
Can give: (kore wa ageraremasen), I can't give you this.
| plain | あげられるagerareru | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | あげられますageraremasu | |
| plain negative | あげられないagerarenai | |
| polite negative | あげられませんageraremasen |
Conditional
条件形
If: ～ば for general conditions, ～たら for “if” and “when, once”, ～なければ for “if not”.
| -ba | あげればagereba | |
|---|---|---|
| -tara | あげたらagetara | |
| -nakereba (if not) | あげなければagenakereba |
Examples
- 友達に誕生日のプレゼントをあげました。Tomodachi ni tanjōbi no purezento o agemashita.I gave my friend a birthday present.
- 田中さんは鈴木さんに花をあげました。Tanaka-san wa Suzuki-san ni hana o agemashita.Ms Tanaka gave Mr Suzuki flowers.
- 妹の宿題を手伝ってあげました。Imōto no shukudai o tetsudatte agemashita.I helped my little sister with her homework.