Japanese verb · u-verb · first needed at beginner level (A1)
ある
aru
to be, to exist (things)
For things, plants and events; the thing takes (ga). Its plain negative is simply (nai), never あらない, and it has no volitional, potential or passive.
Speed:
Present
現在形
There is, I have (things, events). The plain negative is (nai).
| plain | あるaru | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | ありますarimasu | |
| plain negative | ないnai | |
| polite negative | ありませんarimasen |
Past
過去形
There was, I had. The plain past negative is (nakatta).
| plain | あったatta | |
|---|---|---|
| polite | ありましたarimashita | |
| plain negative | なかったnakatta | |
| polite negative | ありませんでしたarimasen deshita |
Te-form
て形
Joins clauses: (jikan ga atte, yokatta), I had time, which was lucky. (kizu ga atte mo ii desu ka): is it all right if it has a scratch?
| te-form | あってatte | |
|---|---|---|
| -te mo ii desu ka (may I) | あってもいいですかatte mo ii desu ka | |
| negative te-form | なくてnakute |
Conditional
条件形
If there is, if I have: (jikan ga areba), if I have time. “If there isn't” is (nakereba).
| -ba | あればareba | |
|---|---|---|
| -tara | あったらattara | |
| -nakereba (if not) | なければnakereba |
Examples
- 近くにコンビニがあります。Chikaku ni konbini ga arimasu.There's a convenience store nearby.
- 今日は時間がない。Kyō wa jikan ga nai.I don't have time today.
- 明日、テストがあります。Ashita, tesuto ga arimasu.There's a test tomorrow.