Korean verb · regular · first needed at beginner level (A1)
자다
jada
to sleep
The honorific is (jumusida): (annyeonghi jumuseyo, good night, to an older person). To friends: (jal jayo) or (jal ja).
Speed:
Present
현재
Sleep, go to bed; now, habits and the near future.
| polite | 자요jayo | |
|---|---|---|
| formal | 잡니다jamnida | |
| casual | 자ja | |
| polite negative | 안 자요an jayo |
Past
과거
Something that happened or is finished; also “have done”.
| polite | 잤어요jasseoyo | |
|---|---|---|
| formal | 잤습니다jatseumnida | |
| casual | 잤어jasseo | |
| polite negative | 안 잤어요an jasseoyo |
Future
미래
Plans and intentions with -(으)ㄹ 거예요; with other people or things as the subject, often a guess.
| polite | 잘 거예요jal geoyeyo | |
|---|---|---|
| formal | 잘 겁니다jal geomnida | |
| casual | 잘 거야jal geoya | |
| polite negative | 안 잘 거예요an jal geoyeyo |
Progressive
진행
Is asleep right now (-고 있다). (an jago isseoyo) means “I'm not asleep”.
| polite | 자고 있어요jago isseoyo | |
|---|---|---|
| formal | 자고 있습니다jago itseumnida | |
| casual | 자고 있어jago isseo | |
| polite negative | 안 자고 있어요an jago isseoyo |
Request
명령
Polite requests use the honorific (jumusida): (jumuseyo). -지 마세요 means “please don't”.
| polite | 주무세요jumuseyo | |
|---|---|---|
| formal | 주무십시오jumusipsio | |
| casual | 자ja | |
| don't (polite) | 자지 마세요jaji maseyo |
Suggestion
청유
Let's … The polite form is the same as the present. The formal -(으)ㅂ시다 is for a group or equals, not for a superior.
| polite | 자요jayo | |
|---|---|---|
| formal | 잡시다japsida | |
| casual | 자자jaja |
Examples
- 보통 열한 시에 자요.Botong yeolhan sie jayo.I usually go to bed at eleven.
- 어제 잘 잤어요?Eoje jal jasseoyo?Did you sleep well last night?
- 안녕히 주무세요.Annyeonghi jumuseyo.Good night. (to an older person)