Hindi grammar · Elementary (A2)
The future and suggestions: करूँगा, चलें
Say what will happen with the future endings -ऊँगा, -एगा, -एँगे, and make suggestions and offers with the subjunctive: चलें? मैं करूँ?
Forming the future
Add the future ending to the verb without -ना (-naa). The ending shows the person and ends in -गा (-gaa) for a man, -गी (-gee) for a woman, and -गे (-ge) for masculine plural, including , , and (tum, aap, ham, ve). There is no separate (hai).
When the stem ends in a vowel, the endings are written straight after it: (aa) → (aaoongaa), (aayegaa).
| Subject | Masculine | Feminine |
|---|---|---|
| (main) | (karoongaa) | (karoongee) |
| (tum) | (karoge) | (karogee) |
| , , (aap, ham, ve) | (karenge) | (karengee) |
| , , (too, yah, vah) | (karegaa) | (karegee) |
- मैं शुक्रवार को आऊँगा।Main shukravaar ko aaoongaa.I'll come on Friday. (man speaking)
- हम मरीन ड्राइव पर घूमेंगे।Ham Mareen Draaiv par ghoomenge.We'll go for a walk on Marine Drive.
- बस कब आएगी?Bas kab aayegee?When will the bus come?
Short forms
(honaa, to be) has short forms: (hogaa), (hogee), (honge), (hongee). (lenaa) and (denaa) are short too: the -े (-e) of the stem merges with the ending.
(hogaa) can also mean “probably is”: (vah ghar par hogaa), he's probably at home.
| Verb | (main) | (tum) | (vah) | , , (aap, ham, ve) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (honaa) to be | (ho-oongaa) | (hoge) | (hogaa) | (honge) |
| (lenaa) to take | (loongaa) | (loge) | (legaa) | (lenge) |
| (denaa) to give | (doongaa) | (doge) | (degaa) | (denge) |
- कल बारिश होगी।Kal baarish hogee.It will rain tomorrow.
- मैं यह नहीं लूँगी।Main yah naheen loongee.I won't take this. (woman speaking)
Shall we…? The subjunctive
Take away the -गा / -गी / -गे ending and you get the subjunctive. On its own it makes suggestions and offers: (chalen?), shall we go?; (kyaa karen?), what shall we do?; (main tikat buk karoon?), shall I book the tickets?
The -एँ (-en) form is also a very polite or formal request, common on signs and in announcements: (kripyaa dhyaan den), please pay attention.
| Verb | Future: we will | Subjunctive: shall we? |
|---|---|---|
| (chalnaa) to go | (chalenge) | (chalen?) |
| (dekhnaa) to watch | (dekhenge) | (dekhen?) |
| (khaanaa) to eat | (khaayenge) | (khaayen?) |
| (karnaa) to do | (karenge) | (karen?) |
- चलो, फ़िल्म देखें?Chalo, film dekhen?Shall we go and see a film?
- मैं चाय बनाऊँ?Main chaay banaaoon?Shall I make some tea?