Italian grammar · Upper intermediate (B2)
Reported speech: il discorso indiretto
How to report statements, questions and requests in Italian, which tenses change after a past verb, and which time and place words change.
Statements
To report what someone said, use , or a more precise verb: (to state), (to answer), (to promise), (to explain). If the reporting verb is in the present (), the tenses don't change: “” → .
If the reporting verb is in the past (), the tenses move one step back, as in the table. The imperfetto, the trapassato and the condizionale passato stay as they are.
| The original words | After … |
|---|---|
| present: “” | imperfetto: |
| passato prossimo: “” | trapassato prossimo: |
| future: “” | condizionale passato: |
| conditional: “” | condizionale passato: |
| congiuntivo presente: “” | congiuntivo imperfetto: |
Questions
Yes/no questions are reported with (if, whether); other questions keep their question word: “” → . In careful speech and in writing, the congiuntivo is common after : , .
- Mi ha chiesto se avevo fame.He asked me if I was hungry. (everyday)
- Gli ha chiesto se fosse davvero possibile.She asked him if it was really possible. (careful)
Requests and orders
An imperative becomes or + infinitive: “” → , “” → . In formal language you'll also see + congiuntivo: .
Changing people, time and place
Change the person and the possessives to fit the new speaker: “” → . When the time and place are different from those of the original words, change these words too:
| Direct speech | Reported speech |
|---|---|