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Italian grammar · Upper intermediate (B2)

Reported speech: il discorso indiretto

How to report statements, questions and requests in Italian, which tenses change after a past verb, and which time and place words change.

Statements

To report what someone said, use , or a more precise verb: (to state), (to answer), (to promise), (to explain). If the reporting verb is in the present (), the tenses don't change: “” → .

If the reporting verb is in the past (), the tenses move one step back, as in the table. The imperfetto, the trapassato and the condizionale passato stay as they are.

The original wordsAfter …
present: “”imperfetto:
passato prossimo: “”trapassato prossimo:
future: “”condizionale passato:
conditional: “”condizionale passato:
congiuntivo presente: “”congiuntivo imperfetto:

Questions

Yes/no questions are reported with (if, whether); other questions keep their question word: “” → . In careful speech and in writing, the congiuntivo is common after : , .

  • Mi ha chiesto se avevo fame.He asked me if I was hungry. (everyday)
  • Gli ha chiesto se fosse davvero possibile.She asked him if it was really possible. (careful)

Requests and orders

An imperative becomes or + infinitive: “” → , “” → . In formal language you'll also see + congiuntivo: .

Changing people, time and place

Change the person and the possessives to fit the new speaker: “” → . When the time and place are different from those of the original words, change these words too:

Direct speechReported speech