French grammar · Intermediate (B1)
Reported speech: il a dit que…
How to report what someone said or asked, and how tenses, pronouns and time words change after il a dit que.
Reporting in the present
To report words, use a verb like , , or . When this verb is in the present, the tense of the reported words doesn't change. Only the pronouns and possessives change, as in English: →
Unlike English, French never leaves out : (She says she's coming).
Reporting in the past: tenses move back
When the reporting verb is in a past tense (, ), the tenses move one step back, much as in English. The imparfait, the plus-que-parfait and the conditional don't change.
| What was said | Reported after |
|---|---|
| present: | imparfait: |
| passé composé: | plus-que-parfait: |
| futur simple: | conditional: |
| + infinitive: | + infinitive: |
Reporting questions
For a yes/no question, use (if, whether): → For other questions, keep the question word: , . becomes :
- Je ne sais pas si c'est vrai.I don't know if it's true.
- Elle m'a demandé ce que je faisais.She asked me what I was doing.
Time words
When you report something later, words like “tomorrow” change too, as in English.
| Said | Reported later |
|---|---|
More tense changes: futur antérieur and instructions
After a reporting verb in the past, the futur antérieur becomes the conditionnel passé: → The subjunctive doesn't change:
An instruction in the imperative becomes or + infinitive: → In the news, is often replaced by more precise verbs: .